Objective To investigate the lag effects of meteorological factors on the density indices of Aedes mosquitoes in Baoshan district, Shanghai, China, and to provide a basis for early warning and prediction for local dengue fever epidemic. Methods A distributed lag non-linear model was used to analyze the lag effects of meteorological factors on Aedes density indices in Baoshan district from April to October, 2019, including daily average temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily average air pressure, daily average wind speed, daily average relative humidity, and daily cumulative rainfall. Results For the net trap index, the lag effect peaked at shorter lags of 0 to 2 days when daily minimum temperature was high, and at longer lags of 20 to 30 days when the temperature was low. For the landing index, the lag effect peaked at shorter lags of 0 to 5 days when daily average temperature was high, and at longer lags of 25 to 30 days when the temperature was low. For the Breteau index, the lag effect peaked at the beginning when daily average temperature was high, and at lags of 5 to 10 days when the temperature was low. For the mosquito ovitrap index, the lag effect peaked at shorter lags of 0 to 3 days when daily average temperature was high, and at longer lags of 15 to 30 days when the temperature was low. Conclusion Meteorological factors, including daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, and daily average wind speed, have lag effects on the density of Aedes mosquitoes in Baoshan district of Shanghai. High temperature and high humidity, with low or high wind speed, can accelerate the peak of the lag effect on Aedes density. Meteorological changes can be used to predict fluctuations in Aedes density.

Objective To investigate the species composition and seasonality of adult mosquito populations in Baoshan district of Shanghai, China, and to provide reference data for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Labor hour method was used to determine mosquito population density. Surveillance data collected at the national vector monitoring site in Baoshan district of Shanghai during 2009-2012 were analyzed. Results Totally 5041 mosquitoes of 5 species were trapped during the four-year study period. Culex pipiens pallens was the predominant species of mosquitos in urban and rural residential areas (94.6% and 98.8%, respectively), while C. pipiens pallens and C. tritaeniorhynchus accounted for large proportions of mosquitos in the barn (46.6% and 23.5%, respectively). Average mosquito population density was lowest in the urban residential area, medium in the rural residential area, and highest in the barn (1.81 vs. 6.70 vs. 30.08 counts per labor hour). There were similar annual trends in seasonal fluctuations of mosquito populations, with high density generally in June to September and low density in January to April as well as November to December. The average value of mosquito population density index progressively increased over the four-year period. Conclusion No significant changes occurred in the species composition and seasonal fluctuations of adult mosquito populations in Baoshan district of Shanghai during 2009-2012. C. pipiens pallens was the predominant species of mosquitoes in urban and rural residential areas, which, together with C. tritaeniorhynchus, dominated the mosquito populations in the barn. It is recommended to carry out mosquito control from May to October in Baoshan district of Shanghai.

Objective To investigate the species composition and seasonality of adult mosquito populations in Baoshan district of Shanghai, China, and to provide reference data for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Labor hour method was used to determine mosquito population density. Surveillance data collected at the national vector monitoring site in Baoshan district of Shanghai during 2009-2012 were analyzed. Results Totally 5041 mosquitoes of 5 species were trapped during the four-year study period. Culex pipiens pallens was the predominant species of mosquitos in urban and rural residential areas (94.6% and 98.8%, respectively), while C. pipiens pallens and C. tritaeniorhynchus accounted for large proportions of mosquitos in the barn (46.6% and 23.5%, respectively). Average mosquito population density was lowest in the urban residential area, medium in the rural residential area, and highest in the barn (1.81 vs. 6.70 vs. 30.08 counts per labor hour). There were similar annual trends in seasonal fluctuations of mosquito populations, with high density generally in June to September and low density in January to April as well as November to December. The average value of mosquito population density index progressively increased over the four-year period. Conclusion No significant changes occurred in the species composition and seasonal fluctuations of adult mosquito populations in Baoshan district of Shanghai during 2009-2012. C. pipiens pallens was the predominant species of mosquitoes in urban and rural residential areas, which, together with C. tritaeniorhynchus, dominated the mosquito populations in the barn. It is recommended to carry out mosquito control from May to October in Baoshan district of Shanghai.

Objective To investigate the resistance ofRattus tanezumiandR. norvegicusto bromadiolone in Baoshan district of Shanghai, and to provide a guidance rodenticide application. Methods The experiment was performed according to the non-selective feeding method proposed by national rodent resistance cooperation group. Results All the 21 individuals of R. tanezumiand 20 individuals ofR. norvegicusdied in the observation period, after being fed with 0.005% bromadiolone. The average killing days were 6.3 and 6.7 days, respectively. The average consumptions of bromadiolone were 14.91 and 23.99 mg/kg,respectively. Bromadiolone-resistant R. tanezumior R. norvegicusindividual was not detected. Conclusion Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicusin Baoshan district of Shanghai are not resistant to bromadiolone. Routine monitoring of bromadiolone resistance should be performed. The first- and second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides should be chosen properly to delay the development and evolution of rodenticide resistance in rodents.

Objective To determine the population density and dynamics of vectors in Baoshan district of Shanghai, providing the basis for epidemiological analysis of vector-borne diseases as well as vector control. Methods The rat density was monitored by night traps (using peanuts as baits), mosquito density by the labor hour method, fly density by cage traps and cockroach density by glue traps. Results From 2006 to 2008, 25 898 times of rat trap deployment was performed, resulting in 24 237 positive catches and 77 captured rats; the rodent density was 0.32%. With 5345 mosquitoes captured, the mosquito density was 9.28/labor-hour. The 540 fly-alluring cages had trapped 932 flies, and the fly density was 1.73/cage. A total of 6480 roach glue traps were placed and recovered, resulting in 448 positive traps and 3316 captives. The cockroach density was 0.51/trap, and the average infestation rate was 6.91%. Blattella germanica was the dominant species. Conclusion The focal targets for prevention and control in Baoshan district of Shanghai included Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Culex pipiens pallens, Lucilia sericata, Musca domestica and B. germanica. To reduce the vector density, environment-centered integrated measures dependent on the breeding places, habitual traits and seasonal variation should be adopted.

【Abstract】 Objective To know the dynamic change of population composition of rat-shape animals and its season fluctuation, and to provide science evidence for the establishment of prevention and control measure. Methods The surveillance data of rat density from 2001 to 2006 were collected and analyzed. Results There were 233 rat-shape animals belonging to 5 species in the six years. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, and Mus musculus was the common species. R.norvegicus mainly distributed in urban, whereas in rural areas it was mainly M.musculus． The rat density in Baoshan district had two peaks in the whole year, one was March to April, and the other was September to October. Conclusion The activity of unexpected elimination rat was carried out in Spring and Autumn each year, respectively. The poison bait and its application method must be chosen in urban and in rural according to the target species and its habitats.